JDBC Driver Connection URL

JDBC for MySQL - Herong's Tutorial Examples

∟JDBC Driver Connection URL

This section describes the connection URL format and how to create connection objects with the DriverManager class.

If you want to use the DriverManager class to create connection objects, you need to know how to make a connection URL that provides access information to the MySQL server. The MySQL connection URL has the following format:

jdbc:mysql://[host][:port]/[database][?property1][=value1]...

  host - The host name where MySQL server is running.
         Default is 127.0.0.1 - the IP address of localhost.

  port - The port number where MySQL is listening for connection.
         Default is 3306.

  Database - The name of an existing database on MySQL server.
         If not specified, the connection starts no current database.

  Property - The name of a supported connection properties.
         "user" and "password" are 2 most important properties.
         "serverTimezone" is also important, see next tutorial.

  Value - The value for the specified connection property.

Here are some example connection URLs:

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/HerongDB?user=Herong&password=TopSecret
jdbc:mysql://:3306/HerongDB?user=Herong&password=TopSecret
jdbc:mysql://localhost/HerongDB?user=Herong&password=TopSecret
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/?user=Herong&password=TopSecret
jdbc:mysql://localhost/?user=Herong&password=TopSecret
jdbc:mysql://:3306/?user=Herong&password=TopSecret
jdbc:mysql:///HerongDB?user=Herong&password=TopSecret
jdbc:mysql:///?user=Herong&password=TopSecret

To avoid timezone conversion errors, it is recommended to specify the "serverTimezone" property in the connection URL to the current timezone ID using the java.util.TimeZone API:

  String tzid = java.util.TimeZone.getDefault().getID();
  String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/?"
    + "user=Herong&password=TopSecret&serverTimezone="+tzid;

You can also get the current timezone ID using the java.time.ZoneId API:

  String tzid = java.time.ZoneId.systemDefault().getId();
  String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/?"
    + "user=Herong&password=TopSecret&serverTimezone="+tzid;

I wrote the following program to validate some of the connection URLs listed above:

/* MySqlConnectionUrl.java
 * Copyright (c) HerongYang.com. All Rights Reserved.
 */
import java.sql.*;
public class MySqlConnectionUrl {
  public static void main(String [] args) {
    String tzid = java.util.TimeZone.getDefault().getID();
    Connection con = null;
    try {
      con = DriverManager.getConnection(
        "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/HerongDB?"
        + "user=Herong&password=TopSecret&serverTimezone="+tzid);
      System.out.println("Connected with host:port/database.");
      con.close();

      con = DriverManager.getConnection(
        "jdbc:mysql://:3306/HerongDB?"
        + "user=Herong&password=TopSecret&serverTimezone="+tzid);
      System.out.println("Connected with default host.");
      con.close();

      con = DriverManager.getConnection(
        "jdbc:mysql://localhost/HerongDB?"
        + "user=Herong&password=TopSecret&serverTimezone="+tzid);
      System.out.println("Connected with default port.");
      con.close();

      con = DriverManager.getConnection(
        "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/?"
        + "user=Herong&password=TopSecret&serverTimezone="+tzid);
      System.out.println("Connected with no database.");
      con.close();

      con = DriverManager.getConnection(
        "jdbc:mysql:///?"
        + "user=Herong&password=TopSecret&serverTimezone="+tzid);
      System.out.println("Connected with properties only.");
      con.close();

    } catch (Exception e) {
      System.err.println("Exception: "+e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

Here is the output:

herong> javac -cp .:mysql-connector-java.jar MySqlConnectionUrl.java

herong> java -cp .:mysql-connector-java.jar MySqlConnectionUrl

MySQL JDBC driver loaded ok.
Connected with host:port/database.
Connected with default host.
Connected with default port.
Connected with no database.
Connected with properties only.