CD-DVD Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples - v2.23, by Dr. Herong Yang
ISO 9660 Standard - File System for CD-ROM
This section provides information on ISO 9660 file system used for CD-ROM (data CD).
ISO 9660 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1988. It defines a file system for CD-ROM media (data CD based on the Yellow Book specification) to support different computer operating systems such as Unix, Windows and Mac OS, so that data may be exchanged.
The main characteristics of ISO 9660 standard are:
1. Reserved Field - The first 16 sectors of the track is reserved. The reserved field can be used to store computer code to boot the operating system. This makes the CD bootable. But most of the time, the reserved field is empty, containing zeros.
2. Volume Descriptors - Several consecutive sectors, starting from sector 17, are used as volume descriptors. A volume descriptor uses one sector on the track, and stores description of the contents and kind of information contained on the track.
3. Primary Volume Descriptor - A volume descriptor with the first byte (volume descriptor type indicator) set to 1. An ISO 9660 file system requires at least one primary volume descriptor. The primary volume descriptor contains the volume identifier, creation date, location of root directory block, and other information.
4. Root Directory Block - Several consecutive sectors, located after volume descriptors, is used to store directory records of the root directory. A directory record stores the location of file block, or a sub directory block, and other related information.
5. File Name - ISO 9660 allows a file name to have an extension. But it permits only capital letters, digits and underscores in file names and extensions.
6. Directory Name - ISO 9660 does not allow a directory to have an extension. It permits only capital letters, digits and underscores in directory names.
Table of Contents
Audio CD (Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) Format
Audio CD (Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) Players
Audio CD (Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) Rip Music
MP3, MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, Encoding Format
►ISO 9660 Standard for Data CD
►ISO 9660 Standard - File System for CD-ROM
cdrtools - ISO 9660 Command Line Tools
isoinfo - ISO 9660 Command Line Tools
"isoinfo -l" - List of Files and Their Locations
"readcd" - Read Raw Data From CD
"devdump" - Browsing Raw Data from CD
DVD (Digital Video Disc) Standard Format
TOC (Table Of Contents) on CDs
IsoBuster - A Nice CD GUI Tool
vStrip - Rip and Manipulate DVD VOB Files
mpgtx - Manipulating MPEG Files