HotSpot Memory Usages on Windows Systems

This section provides a tutorial example on how to check HotSpot memory usages on Windows systems using the Runtime class.

To see the memory usage of the Java HotSpot VM, I wrote the following simple program to print out memory usage information:

/* LongWhile.java
 * Copyright (c) HerongYang.com. All Rights Reserved.
 */
class LongWhile {
   public static void main(String[] a) {
      Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
      System.out.println("Total memory: " + rt.totalMemory());
      System.out.println(" Free memory: " + rt.freeMemory());
      System.out.println(" Used memory: "
         + (rt.totalMemory()-rt.freeMemory()));
      while (true);
   }
}

When running LongWhile.java with HotSpot in 64-bit JDK 17, I got the following output:

herong> \Progra~1\Java\jdk-17.0.1\bin\java LongWhile
Total memory: 67108864
 Free memory: 50331648
 Used memory: 16777216

As you can see from the output, the JVM reserved about 67 MB memory and used only about 16 MB.

When I looked at this JVM process on Windows Task Manager, I saw a 12% of CPU usage and a 16,777 KB of memory usage. Comparing this with the output of LongWhile.java, I saw that Windows Task Manager is not reporting the total memory reserved by the JVM.

      JDK        Task Manager           JVM Runtime
    HotSpot       Memory  CPU      Total      Free      Used
--------------   ------------   ----------------------------
Server JVM 17     40196K  12%   67108864  50331648  16777216

As a reference, the table below lists outputs of the same tests on HotSpot Client and Server VMs of previous versions:

      JDK        Task Manager           JVM Runtime
    HotSpot       Memory  CPU      Total      Free      Used
--------------   ------------   ----------------------------
Server JVM 17     40196K  12%   67108864  50331648  16777216
Server JVM 15     44412K  12%   67108864  47487896  19620968
Server JVM 10     17656K  25%   62914560  60982832   1931728

Client JVM 1.7     3976K  25%   16252928  15964856    288072
Server JVM 1.7     5312K  25%   54788096  54211088    577008
 
Client JVM 1.6     6996K  50%    5177344   4997088    180256
Server JVM 1.6     6990K  50%    5177344   4997088    180256
 
Client JVM 1.4     4576K  50%    2031616   1779376    252240
Server JVM 1.4     5252K  50%    2031616   1779128    252488

As you can see, newer version of HotSpot JVM requires more memory to run.

Table of Contents

 About This Book

 JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Specification

Java HotSpot VM - JVM by Oracle/Sun

 What Is HotSpot JVM

 Download and Install JDK on macOS

 Download and Install JDK on Windows

 Running Java HotSpot Client VM

 Running Java HotSpot Server VM

HotSpot Memory Usages on Windows Systems

 java.lang.Runtime Class - The JVM Instance

 java.lang.System Class - The Operating System

 ClassLoader Class - Class Loaders

 Class Class - Class Reflections

 JVM Runtime Data Areas

 JVM Stack, Frame and Stack Overflow

 Thread Testing Program and Result

 CPU Impact of Multi-Thread Applications

 I/O Impact of Multi-Thread Applications

 CDS (Class Data Sharing)

 Micro Benchmark Runner and JVM Options

 Micro Benchmark Tests on "int" Operations

 Micro Benchmark Tests on "long" Operations

 Micro Benchmark Tests in JIT Compilation Mode

 Micro Benchmark Tests on "float" and "double" Operations

 OpenJ9 by Eclipse Foundation

 JRockit JVM 28.2.7 by Oracle Corporation

 Archived Tutorials

 References

 Full Version in PDF/EPUB