Computer History Notes - Herong's Tutorial Notes - v3.13, by Herong Yang
Command Line History Substitution
This section provides a quick introduction of C shell command line history substitution.
C Shell Command Line History Substitution: Brings in parts of previously executed commands. History substitution uses the following designators and modifiers:
1. Event Designator - Identifies a previously executed command line:
2. History Modifier - Modifies the command line identified by the event designator:
Examples of C shell command line history substitution:
>csh %who herong tty1 Jul 21 21:36 tom tty2 Jul 21 18:15 %/bin/echo C Shell command line history substitution C Shell command line history substitution %touch new file %ls -l new file -rw-r--r-- 1 herong users 0 Jul 21 21:56 new file %history 1 21:54 who 2 21:55 /bin/echo C Shell command line history substitution 3 21:56 touch new file 4 21:56 ls -l new file 5 21:58 history %!! 1 21:54 who 2 21:55 /bin/echo C Shell command line history substitution 3 21:56 touch new file 4 21:56 ls -l new file 5 21:58 history 6 21:59 history %echo !2:$ echo substitution substitution %echo !2:h echo /bin C Shell command line history substitution /bin C Shell command line history substitution %!ls ls -l new file -rw-r--r-- 1 herong users 0 Jul 21 21:56 new file
Table of Contents
2002 - .NET Framework Developed by Microsoft
1995 - PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor Created by Rasmus Lerdorf
1995 - Java Language Developed by Sun Microsystems
1991 - WWW (World Wide Web) Developed by Tim Berners-Lee
1991 - Gopher Protocol Created by a University of Minnesota Team
1984 - X Window System Developed a MIT Team
1984 - Macintosh Developed by Apple Inc.
1983 - "Sendmail" Mail Transfer Agent Developed by Eric Allman
1979 - The Tcsh (TENEX C Shell) Developed by Ken Greer
1978 - Bash (Bourne-Again Shell) Developed by Brian Fox
►1978 - The C Shell Developed by Bill Joy
►Command Line History Substitution
Command Line Alias Substitution
Command Line Input and Output Redirection
Command Line Variable Substitution
".cshrc" - C Shell Script File and
1977 - The Bourne Shell Developed by Stephen Bourne
1977 - Apple II Designed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
1976 - vi Text Editor Developed by Bill Joy
1974 - Internet by Vinton Cerf
1972 - C Language Developed by Dennis Ritchie
1971 - FTP Protocol Created by Abhay Bhushan
1970 - UNIX Operating System Developed by AT&T Bell Labs